Lord of the flies: 2010

Task 2
If we were in the island with them we would do the following things:

• Chose a lider

• Count the number of people

• Divided the people in groups to carry out the different tasks, each group has its own lider
- The Hunting group or the hunters
- Water and fruit picking group
- Shelter building group or the builders
- The fire’s logs group

• Explore the island and remember important places like the fruit’s trees area

• Chose a suitable place for the bathroom

• Chose a good place to build the shelters

• At night the elders must remain awake as guardians

• Remain everybody the important of natural resources and teach them to use them
carefully

• Littluns will help to find food and logs and they will be watched by the elders

• The builders Group will work during the morning, they will rest at midday and will
go back to work in the afternoon

• The hunters won’t hunt at night and should avoid dangers places

• Boys shall never go around alone, they will always go in pairs and Littluns will
always go accompanied by an elder

• For a better organization the will have every meal together and they shall not eat
alone.

Task 3

Anarchism is a political philosophy which considers the state undesirable, unnecessary and harmful, and instead promotes a stateless society, or anarchy. It seeks to diminish or even abolish authority in the conduct of human relations. Anarchists may widely disagree on what additional criteria are required in anarchism

Anarchism is the political belief that society should have no government, laws, police, or other authority, but should be a free association of all its members. William Godwin, an important anarchist philosopher in Britain during the late 18th century, believed that the "euthanasia of government" would be achieved through "individual moral reformation".

Anarchism is a widely disputed label; there are probably as many different kinds of anarchisms as there are different ideologies or traditions in statism. Therefore anarchism is used in a number of ways--by people who want to abolish the government, abolish capitalism, abolish violence, abolish technology, abolish large-scale production, or abolish society.

A generic term for political ideas and movements that reject the state and other forms of authority and coercion in favour of a society based exclusively upon voluntary co-operation between individuals. To anarchists the state, whether democratic or not, is always seen as a means of supporting a ruling class or elite, and as an encumbrance to social relations. However, they differ in their view of the nature of their future society, their proposals ranging from a communist society based on mutual aid to one based on essentially self-interested voluntary exchange. They reject involvement in political institutions, and support civil disobedience action against the state, and on occasions political violence. Anarchist movements were most prevalent in Europe in the second half of the 19th-c and early 20th-c, but virtually died out apart from fringe groups after the Spanish Civil War.

The term anarchism derives from the Greek meaning "without rulers",[from the prefix). There is some ambiguity with the use of the terms "libertarianism" and "libertarian" in writings about anarchism. Since the 1890s from France, the term "libertarianism" has often been used as a synonym for anarchism and was used almost exclusively in this sense until the 1950s in the United States; its use as a synonym is still common outside the United States. Accordingly, "libertarian socialism" is sometimes used as a synonym for socialist anarchism, to distinguish it from "individualist libertarianism" (individualist anarchism). On the other hand, some use "libertarianism" to refer to individualistic free-market philosophy only, referring to free-market anarchism as "libertarian anarchism"

Anarchism is a political philosophy with many heterogeneous and diverse schools of thought, united by a common opposition to compulsorygovernment. Anarchist schools of thought are characterised by "the belief that government is both harmful and unnecessary", but may differ fundamentally, supporting anything from extreme individualism to complete collectivism
Examples of anarchism schools of thought are: philosophical anarchism, Individualist anarchism, Egoist anarchism, European individualist anarchism, Social anarchism, Collectivist anarchism, Anarcho-syndicalism, Green anarchism, Anarcha-feminism

Capitalism:
Throughout most of its history, anarchism has been defined by its proponents in opposition to capitalism - which they believe can be maintained only by state violence. Most non-capitalist anarchists follow Proudhon in opposing ownership of workplaces by capitalists and aim to replace wage labour with workers' associations.
Individualist anarchists, have historically advocated markets essential to a free society. However, most early individualist anarchists considered themselves "fervent anti-capitalists… [who see] no contradiction between their individualist stance and their rejection of capitalism. Many defined themselves as socialists. These early individualist-anarchists defined "capitalism" in various ways, but often it was discussed in terms of usury.

Communism
While communism is proposed as a form of social and economic organisation by many anarchists, other anarchists consider it a danger to the liberty and free development of the individual.
Anarcho-communists reject the criticism, pointing to the principle of voluntary association that underpins their theory and differentiates it from state communism. Some individualist anarchists are also willing to recognize anarchist communism as a legitimate form.

Feminism
Anarcha-feminism (occasionally called anarcho-feminism) is a form of anarchism that synthesizes radical feminism and anarchism that views patriarchy (male domination over women) as a fundamental manifestation of involuntary hierarchy which anarchists often oppose.
Anarcha-feminists, like other radical feminists, criticize and advocate the abolition of traditional conceptions of family, education and gender roles. Anarcha-feminists are especially critical of marriage.

Globalization
Many anarchists are actively involved in the anti-globalization movement, seeing corporate globalization as a neocolonialist attempt to use economic coercion on a global scale, carried out through state institutions such as the World Bank, World Trade Organization, Group of Eight, and the World Economic Forum. Globalization is an ambiguous term that has different meanings to different anarchist factions. Many anarchists use the term to mean neocolonialism and/or cultural imperialism (which they may see as related).

Green anarchism
Green anarchism, or ecoanarchism, is a school of thought within anarchism which puts a particular emphasis on environmental issues.
Some contemporary green anarchists can be described as anarcho-primitivists (or anti-civilization anarchists), though not all green anarchists are primitivists. Likewise, there is a strong critique of modern technology among green anarchists, though not all reject it entirely.
Important contemporary currents are anarcho-primitivism and social ecology.

Religious anarchism
Most anarchists have questioned or opposed organized religion, believing that most organized religions are hierarchicalor authoritarian and, more often than not, aligned with contemporary power structures like state and capital.
Christian anarchists believe that there is no higher authority than God, and oppose earthly authority such as government and established churches. They believe that Jesus' teachings and the practice of the early church were clearly anarchistic.
Buddhist anarchism originated in the influential Chinese anarchist movement of the 1920s.
Taixu, one of the leading thinkers and writers of this school, was deeply influenced by the work of Christian anarchists like Tolstoy and by the ancient Chinese well-field system.
Neopaganism, with its focus on the environment and equality, along with its often decentralized nature, has led to a number of neopagan anarchists. One of the most prominent isStarhawk, who writes extensively about both spirituality and activism.

Task 4:

Golding described Piggy like this because he wants to show as how in this society the ones who are weak aren’t respected.
Piggy is fat but he is the most intelligent, he uses glasses but he is the only one who can understand things that anybody can’t. With this we understand how weak the order and the democracy are and the mankind has a lack of civilization.

Task 5:

Characters:

Ralph: he is about twelve years old. He has fair hair, and he is described as handsome and athletic. He is the most charismatic of the Group and he is chosen to be the lider because he has many positive qualities and because he is the keeper of the conch. Ralph has a tendency to be polite and logical in the tensest of moments.
He maintains a conflict with Jack throughout the entire novel, they hate and love each other. Ralph tries to establish order and focus on rescue. He decides that a boy can only speak at the meetings if he is holding the conch shell.

Jack: Jack is also one of the older boys and about Ralph's age. He is tall, redheaded, and the leader of the choir boys. He is ambitious and self-centred, he’s only preoccupation is to hunt something. He is the leader of the "hunters." Jack leads the boys from civilized young men into savages through the novel. Jack is a cruel bully, who is constantly violent and threatens those below him

Piggy: Piggy is a short and overweight boy who wears glasses and represents order and democracy. He is afflicted with asthma. Piggy is an orphan who was brought up by his aunt and he is constantly talking about her. The boys ridicule him over and over again. He can not do anything for himself. He is the voices of reason. He represents the role of intelligence, reason, rationality and civilization. He doesn't believe in the beastie.

Roger: He is a small boy with dirty black hair. He is the “The Torturer of the Tribe”. He gets sadistic pleasure from torturing a pig and other boys on the island. Roger is one of Jack's most loyal helpers

Simon: He is the Christ like figure of the novel. He is skinny and has black hair. He is very good and pure. Simon often travels into his tranquil spot in the jungle but he takes care of the littluns. He likes to be by himself and sometimes does and says strange things. Simon is the only boy who discovers what the Beast truly is.

The littluns: They are probably five or six years old. They are the ones who first see the Beast and are in constant fear of it, especially during the night. They are the "rest of society" and often go with the flow and do what the big ones are doing.

Sam and Eric: Sam and Eric are two young twins who always travel and do everything together. Without each other, they are incapable of very much. They represent reliance and unity, and because of this become like one person referred to as Samneric. They too side with Ralph, but are captured in the end by Jack and end up confessing where Ralph is.

Task 6

Anarchism is a political and social philosophy which considers the state undesirable, unnecessary and harmful, and instead promotes a stateless society, or anarchy. Democracy is a political form of government where governing power is derived from the people, either by direct referendum or by means of elected representatives of the people.

The anarchism center on the individual and on the critique of his relation with the society, his aim is the social change towards a future society. On the other hand, the democracy is a form of social conviviality in which the members are free and equal and the social relations are established in agreement to contractual mechanisms.

In the anarchism there is suppression of the public power. In the democracy (form of organization of the State), the collective decisions are adopted by the people by means of mechanisms of direct or indirect participation that award legitimacy to the representatives.
In the book “The lord of the flies” we can see the anarchism shown in Jack. The barbaric quality that arises in Jack is really a rebellion against society. He grew tired of taking orders from Ralph and participating in the democratic system that they had. This sense of anarchy must have existed inside of him before the encounter on the island began, but his experiences served to bring it out of him.
When all elements of civilization disappear on the island, the boys revert to a more primitive part of their nature, and they turn into savages and anarchy replaces democracy. Society holds everyone together, and with out civilization and rules, the boy's ideals, values, and basic ideas of what is right and wrong are forgotten, and the evils of human nature emerge. So then, Jack became the lider of a tribe organized by him where almost all the children joined.
Task 7:

The Holocaust also known as The Shoah was the genocide of approximately six million European Jews during World War II, a programme of systematic state-sponsored extermination by Nazi Germany. The genocide of these six million people was the genocide of two-thirds of the population of nine million Jews who had resided in Europe before the Holocaust.
Some scholars maintain that the definition of the Holocaust should also include the Nazis' systematic murder of millions of people in other groups, including Romani, people with disabilities, Soviet prisoners of war, Polish, and Soviet civilians, homosexuals, Jehovah's Witnesses, and other political and religious opponents. By this definition, the total number of Holocaust victims would be between 11 million and 17 million people.
The persecution and genocide were carried out in stages. Legislation to remove the Jews from civil society was enacted years before the outbreak of World War II. Concentration camps were established in which inmates were used as slave labour until they died of exhaustion or disease. Where the Third Reich conquered new territory in Eastern Europe, specialized units called Einsatzgruppen murdered Jews and political opponents in mass shootings. Jews and Romani were confined in overcrowded ghettos before being transported by freight train to extermination camps where, if they survived the journey, the majority of them were systematically killed in gas chambers. Every arm of Nazi Germany's bureaucracy was involved in the logistics of the mass murder, turning the country into what one Holocaust scholar has called "a genocidal state". Opinions differ on how much the civilian German population knew of the government conspiracy against the Jewish population
The character who resembles Hitler is Jack because he is villainous, and proud perpetuating the crimes committed by the boys on the island. He cares only for his own power and not for the common good. He disregards order and in him we clearly see the innate evil of man.

Task 8:

There is now near-universal consensus that all individuals are entitled to certain basic rights under any circumstances. These include certain civil liberties and political rights, the most fundamental of which is the right to life and physical safety. Human rights are the articulation of the need for justice, tolerance, mutual respect, and human dignity in all of our activity. All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person..
To violate the most basic human rights, on the other hand, is to deny individuals their fundamental moral entitlements. It is, in a sense, to treat them as if they are less than human and undeserving of respect and dignity
The number of deaths related to combat and the collateral damage caused by warfare are only a small part of the tremendous amount of suffering and devastation caused by conflicts.
Some of the gravest violations of the right to life are massacres, the starvation of entire populations, and genocide. Genocide is commonly understood as the intentional extermination of a single ethnic, racial, or religious group
The term "war crime" refers to a violation of the rules of jus in bello (justice in war) by any individual, whether military or civilian.
The laws of armed conflict prohibit attacks on civilians and the use of weapons that cause unnecessary suffering or long-term environmental damage.
Women and girls are often raped by soldiers or forced into prostitution. For a long time, the international community has failed to address the problem of sexual violence during armed conflict. However, sexual assaults, which often involve sexual mutilation, sexual humiliation, and forced pregnancy, are quite common.
Torture is used in some cases as a way to carry out interrogations and extract confessions or information. Today, it is increasingly used as a means of suppressing political and ideological dissent, or for punishing political opponents who do not share the ideology of the ruling group.
In addition to torture, tens of thousands of people detained in connection with conflicts "disappear" each year, and are usually killed and buried in secret.
Individuals who pose a threat to those in power or do not share their political views may be arbitrarily imprisoned, and either never brought to trial or subject to grossly unfair trial procedures. Mass groups of people may be denied the right to vote or excluded from all forms of political participation
On the flip side, armed conflict often leads to the breakdown of infrastructure and civic institutions, which in turn undermines a broad range of rights
The breakdown of government institutions results in denials of civil rights, including the rights to privacy, fair trial, and freedom of movement. In many cases, the government is increasingly militarized, and police and judicial systems are corrupted.
Abuse of human rights often leads to conflict, and conflict typically results in human rights violations.
Indeed, many conflicts are sparked or spread by violations of human rights. For example, massacres or torture may inflame hatred and strengthen an adversary's determination to continue fighting.

In the book “The lord of the flies” Piggy is the one who suffer the most. He is constantly joshed by the boys for his size, his inability to work, and his specs. He is killed by jack and his savages.
Ralph, is too hunted by jack and his tribe and we can see in this example how society can’t tolerate somebody who is different.
The littluns and Sam and Eric are taunted by jack’s tribe just for the simple fact that they are the younger ones and the older ones do not respect them, for example when Maurice and Roger destroyed the castle that Percival and the others were building. This show us the little respect that we have for our comrades and for the humanity, we are the same but there are people who think that they are better and they believe they can do whatever they want just because they think they are superior.

Task 9:

The Lord of the Flies: Is seen as a real object on the island which frightens the boys. Actually the beast is something internal; the Lord of the Flies is in soul and mind of the boys, leading them to the natural chaos of a society with no reasoning adults. The boys' fear of the beast and their ironic desire to kill it shows that the hold which society's rules once had over them has been loosened during the time they have spent without supervision on the island.

The Conch: The conch shell symbolizes the law and order of the old adult world which Piggy tries so desperately to protect. The conch represents all the authority which the boys are so used to obeying. The conch symbolizes democracy and, like Ralph, civility and order within the group.
When Roger destroys the conch, anarchy quickly ensues. The conch's destruction can be perceived as the death of order on the island with also chaos and destruction

Fire/Smoke: The smoke of the signal fire symbolizes the last hope of the boys being rescued. When the fire goes out they lose hope and anarchy takes control over the island.

The island: the island is isolated from the rest of society. The boys have no contact with the outside world and must look to themselves to solve the problems. the jungle is the lair of the beast, it, too, symbolizes the darkness naturally present within humans that is capable of ruling their lives.
Where the plane carrying the boys crashed, there is a "long scar” , this scar represents the destruction that man is naturally capable of causing and can be related to the harm the boys ultimately cause to one another

The hunt: The hunts can be interpreted as symbolizing the boys' primal urges or anarchy. In fact, many of the boys become so engulfed in their quest for the blood of a pig that they seem to forget about their hopes of returning to civilization and forget to keep the signal fire burning.

Glasses: The glasses symbolize the voice of reason and logic among the boys and it’s the only way of doing fire. Piggy defends his glasses even more than the conch

Ralph: represent democracy. Ralph is the protagonist of the story and is seen as the good character. He is the good of civilization as a whole. Ralph learns that everyone has the capacity for evil, even himself.

Jack: he represents the worst aspects of human nature when not controlled or tempered by society.

Simon: represents peace and tranquility, with some references to Jesus Christ. He is very in-tune with the island, and often experiences extraordinary sensations when listening to its sounds.

Piggy: represents the role of intelligence, reason, rationality and civilization. With his death, and the destruction of the conch, reason and civility are gone completely, and the descent into savagery is consummated.